Yellow Fever Vaccine. Minus Related Pages. A safe and effective yellow fever vaccine has been available for more than 80 years. A single dose provides lifelong protection for most people. The vaccine is a live, weakened form of the virus given as a single shot. Some infections can be mild but most lead to serious illness characterised by two stages.
In the first stage fever, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, headache and weakness occur. Visible bleeding, jaundice, kidney and liver failure can occur during the second stage. Yellow fever is considered to be endemic in 29 African and 13 Central and South American countries. Yellow fever does not occur in Australia, however one of the mosquito species Aedes aegypti that can transmit the disease is widely distributed in northern Queensland.
Yellow fever is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, principally, Aedes and Haemagogus species. The disease occurs in two forms — urban and sylvatic jungle yellow fever. Both forms are caused by the same virus. In tropical rainforests, monkeys act as reservoirs for the virus. The yellow fever virus is passed to mosquitoes that feed on infected monkeys.
These mosquitoes bite humans that enter the forest, resulting in some cases of yellow fever. In some parts of Africa, mosquitoes that breed around households can infect humans. Urban yellow fever happens when infected people introduce the virus into areas with high human populations. Mosquitoes carry the virus from person to person. There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, however medicines can be used to relieve the symptoms and may improve the outcome for seriously ill patients.
Yellow fever is preventable. The vaccine is safe and almost percent effective. These include:. If you are 60 years of age or older, you can receive yellow fever vaccine, but only if you are fit and well, understand the risks of vaccination and have a real risk of yellow fever virus at your destination rather than requiring the vaccine just for certificate purposes.
A healthcare practitioner will discuss your risk of disease at your destination and the potential risks of the vaccine, to help you to make an informed decision regarding vaccination. A healthcare practitioner will decline to vaccinate you if there is a contraindication to the vaccine and may decline to vaccinate you if the risk of serious vaccine side effects is assessed as being higher than the disease risk.
If the risk of disease is deemed low, and you agree, a medical exemption certificate can be issued in these circumstances. If you have a contraindication to the vaccine or the risk of serious side effects is high, and there is a significant risk of contracting yellow fever on your trip you are likely to be advised to cancel or change your travel plans.
Healthcare practitioners are not obliged to administer yellow fever vaccine if they believe it unsafe to do so, or it is not required for your trip. If you have any medical conditions, it is best to seek travel advice before you book your trip. If you have recently received the yellow fever vaccine and feel unwell please contact your GP or the service if your GP practice is closed.
The yellow fever vaccine can only be administered at designated yellow fever centres. To locate your nearest yellow fever centre please follow the links below:. Learn more Got it. The yellow fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Transmission typically occurs through the bite of an infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquito.
Exposure to the virus is more likely to occur in certain areas of Africa and South America. The World Health Organization WHO estimates that in , there were 84,—, severe cases of yellow fever and 29,—60, fatalities.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC note that the majority of people with yellow fever infections will either have no symptoms or mild symptoms. The yellow fever vaccine is a single-dose vaccine that can provide lifelong protection for most people. It is a live-attenuated vaccine. This means that the vaccine uses a weakened, or attenuated, form of the yellow fever virus. As this type of vaccine is so similar to the natural infection, the body can create a strong and long lasting immune response from just one dose without the need for a booster shot.
The yellow fever vaccine is a safe way to protect against yellow fever infections. Adverse reactions or serious events from the vaccine itself are very rare.
The WHO notes that severe adverse events following immunization, such as the vaccine promoting an attack on the liver or kidneys, occur in about 0. The yellow fever vaccine is highly effective. The yellow fever vaccine provides lasting protection from yellow fever infections. The CDC says that a single dose of the vaccine provides lifelong protection from the virus. There is no need for a booster shot. However, the CDC notes that some travelers may consider getting a booster if it has been 10 years since their vaccination and they plan to travel to an area with an ongoing outbreak.
Experts recommend the yellow fever vaccine for people who are 9 months or older. For some people, this may only be necessary if they are likely to be at risk of a yellow fever infection. In most cases, this means living in or traveling to a country where the virus is endemic or occurs at higher rates. These countries generally have requirements to vaccinate before entry, providing plenty of notice to get the vaccine.
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